Abstract: Activation of inflammasomes involves multi-protein assembly and activation of inflammatory caspase and maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). Among those types of inflammasomes, NOD (nucleotide binding oligomerization domain)-like receptors (NLRP3) is the most studied inflammasome which involves in amount of human inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, targeting on NLRP3 inflammasome has been one of the promising methods for treatment of diseases. In this review, we focused on the studies in the latest five years on the mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome regulation which mainly including NLRP3 priming, three protein complex assembly and regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by endogenous metabolic compounds, iron flux, subcellular structure, other types of cells and small molecular compounds. Better understanding of NLRP3 inflammasome will be benefit for potential drug target and treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated diseases.