Abstract: Learning and memory decline is an important manifestation of aging, seriously affecting the health and life quality of the elderly. Aging-related learning and memory decline is often accompanied by decreased levels of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin neurotransmitters in the relevant brain regions. Monoamine neurotransmitters in different brain regions bind to receptors and regulate synaptic plasticity, which play an important role in learning and memory. This article reviews the changes of monoamine neurotransmitters in different brain regions, the mechanisms in regulation of learning and memory, and the factors causing abnormal levels of neurotransmitters in the process of aging in order to better understand the mechanisms of senile learning and memory decline to facilitate drug research.