Abstract: Currently, the specification grading standard for Astragali Radix can not accurately reflect growth years. The aim of this study is to identify the growth ring number of different parts of 1 to 6 year Hengshan imitative wild culture Astragali Radix, in order to get a different absolute growth years, to classify the accumulation rules of the content of flavonoids and saponins, and to lay the foundation for evaluating quality of Astragali Radix. Observing growth ring numbers of 1-6 years Astragali Radix by means of hand sections and paraffin sections in the study, and analyzing the number of different growth years and different diameter. At the same time, HPLC-UV-ELSD was used to analyze the 12 index components of the samples with absolute growth years of 2 to 6 years. The results indicated that the growth ring number excepting hollow part is consistent with the actual growth period of Astragali Radix and the number of growth rings gradually decreased from the upper to lower. The results of HPLC-UV-ELSD determination showed that the saponins content of 3-year-old Astragali Radix was the highest while the flavonoids content of the 4-year-old reached the maximum. The study provided the basis for foundation of the specification grading standard for Astragali Radix and clinical rational use drug.