Abstract: Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-based vector has shown great promise for human gene therapy, due to its advantage in eliciting long-term transgene expression, absence of adverse effect, infection ability to both dividing and non-dividing cells, non-genomic integration, and low immunotoxity. To date, three AAV-based products have been authorized to enter European and American markets, and more than 200 rAAV-based candidates are in the process of clinic trails. Nevertheless, domestic industry is facing the challenge of manufacturing clinical grade rAAV vector, and regulatory agencies are lack of practical experience in assessing such products. Herein, this paper summarizes the latest research progress of rAAV-based gene therapy products, and discusses some quality assessment concerns in raw materials, manufacturing process and quality control, expecting to promote its clinical transformation and application.