Abstract: Liver fibrosis is a critical pathological structural basis of a variety of chronic liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis and nodular cirrhosis, while liver regeneration is the key mechanism for protecting liver against multiple injuries, promoting inflammation resolution and reversing liver fibrosis. When fibrosis occurs after liver injuries, the alternation of liver regeneration status in fibrosis usually plays an essential role in the outcome of diverse liver diseases. In this review, the differences between "homeostatic regeneration", "normal regeneration" and "aberrant regeneration" were identified in terms of the occurrence conditions, the basic state of the liver, the effects on liver repair, the types of cells involved and the pathogenesis. Emphatically, we not only summarize the differences of mechanisms between "aberrant regeneration" and "normal regeneration" in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, but also elucidate the features of "aberrant regeneration" in various liver fibrosis models, as well as the therapeutic strategies for the treatment of liver fibrosis based on "aberrant regeneration", expecting to provide evidence and clues for considering the risks and proposing possible solutions in clinical treatment of liver fibrosis.