Abstract: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, plays an important role in plant resistance. In this study, three full length cDNAs of G6PDH genes, namely AsG6PDH1, AsG6PDH2 and AsG6PDH3 were cloned from Aquilaria sinensis for the first time. The open reading frames (ORF) of AsG6PDH1, AsG6PDH2 and AsG6PDH3 were 1 809, 1 767 and 1 548 bp, respectively, encoding proteins of 602, 588 and 516 amino acid residues, respectively, with predicted molecular masses of 68.02, 67.02, 59.35 kDa, respectively. The three AsG6PDHs proteins shared high sequence identity with the G6PDH proteins of various plants, and possessed three conserved sequences found in G6PDH proteins. The phylogenic analysis showed that AsG6PDH1 and AsG6PDH2 were grouped in the plastidic cluster, while AsG6PDH3 was classified into the cytosolic cluster. Expression analysis indicated that AsG6PDH1 and AsG6PDH2 were primarily observed in root, while AsG6PDH3 was primarily observed in stem. The expression of AsG6PDH1, AsG6PDH2 and AsG6PDH3 was induced by salt, drought, low temperature and CdCl₂ treatments, while the content of AsG6PDH1 and AsG6PDH2 was most significantly increased by drought stress, and the transcript level of AsG6PDH3 was most significantly induced by metal stress. Furthermore, G6PDH activity was stimulated under salt, drought, low temperature and CdCl₂ treatments, and G6PDH activity was remarkably increased under drought stress. These results provide valuable insights into the role of AsG6PDHs in plant defense and the mechanism of agarwood formation.