Abstract: Polysaccharides as one of the most common drug delivery materials have the excellent advantages, such as diverse natural sources, high biocompatibility and multi-functions. Polysaccharides have been investigated and widely used in food industry, pharmaceutical and medical fields especially in the targeted oral drug delivery for colonic diseases treatment with important research values and great potential applications. Inspired by the unique properties of polysaccharides, researchers around the world have developed the cross-linked nanoparticles, self-assembled nanoparticles and hydrogels, focusing on various drug delivery strategies such as pH-sensitive, microbial enzyme-responsive, reactive oxygen species-responsive, mucoadhesive and receptor-targeted. Exhilaratingly, the polysaccharides-based therapeutics have shown high efficacy for the treatment of digestive tract diseases, such as colitis or colonic cancer. Herein, we summarized the research progress of polysaccharides-based targeted oral drug delivery systems for colonic diseases treatment, and discussed the perspectives of the researches and application development in future.