Abstract: Recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) has been in clinical use for the adjuvant therapy of cancer patients with neutropenia caused by radiotherapy/chemotherapy. However, it does have some drawbacks such as poor stability and short half-life, and needs to be administered repeatedly, which is easy to cause adverse reactions such as drug tolerance and immune rejection. Therefore, it is necessary to develop long-acting rhG-CSF to improve its clinical efficacy. In this review, we summarize the research progress on the development of long-acting rhG-CSF using the strategies such as PEGylation, fusion protein and new dosage forms in recent years, and discuss its future development trend.