Abstract: In recent years, the use of the body's immune system for anti-tumor immunotherapy has received extensive attention. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) limits the effect of immunotherapy. Therefore, overcoming the limitations of TME and immunosuppressive cells plays an important role in tumor immunotherapy. Nano agents have great potential to reprogram the immunosuppressive microenvironment and provide an effective strategy for immunotherapy. With the continuous development of active targeting nano carrier technology and the deepening of the research on drug action sites, subcellular organ targeting nano carrier materials with more accurate active targeting function have also attracted more and more attention. This review will briefly introduce the relationship between subcellular organelles and tumor, summarize the design strategy and research progress of targeted nano drug delivery system based on the characteristics of acidity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity, immunogenicity, and TME of immunosuppressive cells, to provide reference for the construction of subcellular pathway targeted drug delivery system in tumor immunotherapy.