Abstract: Silk fibroin is a kind of natural biodegradable polymer, which is stable, non-toxic, cheap and easy to obtain, and has no inflammatory reaction. Silk fibroin shows satisfactory degradability and biocompatibility, widely used as a promising material for biological tissue engineering and drug delivery carrier in the biomedical field. This review introduces the structure and constituent of silk fibroin, summarizes the research progress and methods of evaluating biodegradability and biocompatibility in vivo and in vitro, which provides reference for further research and application of silk fibroin.