Abstract: With the introduction of the concept of precision medicine, pharmaceutical treatment is shifting from 'one-size-fits-all' to personalization, and 3D printing, as an emerging formulation technology, can significantly enhance the complexity and flexibility of formulations, solve the many problems of the traditional process, and achieve personalized drug therapy. In recent years, with the rapid development of 3D printing technology, various 3D printing technologies have been used to develop oral solid dosage forms. Given the differences in the types and characteristics of 3D printing technologies, it is necessary to select appropriate printing materials according to the application characteristics of printing technology, and the choice of materials can significantly impact the personalized shaping and precise release of oral solid dosage forms. This paper lists the principles and characteristics of fused deposition molding technology, semi-solid extrusion technology, melt extrusion deposition technology, and binder jetting technology, which is suitable for the 3D printing of oral solid preparations. It explores the selection and application of printing materials for commonly used 3D printing technologies in detail to guide the choice of materials to prepare different principles of 3D printing of oral solid preparations.