Abstract: The main chemical components of Gandoufumu Decoction (GDFMD) were analyzed and identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS^E). We utilized a ZORBAX RRHD Eclipse Plus C₁₈ column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) with a gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL·min^-1 and a column temperature of 35 ℃. The mass spectrometry was analyzed using an electrospray ionization source (ESI) in positive and negative ion modes. The UPLC-Q-TOF/MS^E was used to detect and analyze the complex mass spectra and the chemical composition of the GDFMD. The results show that 102 compounds were identified in GDFMD, 26 flavonoids, 22 terpenoids, 19 saponins, 10 phenylpropanoids, and 25 other components. The established qualitative method can rapidly and efficiently identify the chemical components of GDFMD, providing a scientific basis for the quality evaluation and clinical application of GDFMD.