Abstract: Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV), an important class of non-selective cation channels, is closely associated with a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Pungent flavour is one of the important flavours in the doctrine of five flavours in traditional Chinese medicine, which has the functions of relieving the epidermis, moving the Qi, activating the blood and so on, which has a variety of main treatments. Modern research has shown that the active ingredients in numerous pungent Chinese medicine have the ability to modulate TRPV channels. The purpose of paper is to explore the biological characteristics of TRPV channels, the modern research process of pungent Chinese medicine and its mechanism in inflammation, pain and other pathological processes. This paper discusses the research progress of the pharmacological action of pungent Chinese medicine based on TRPV channel, in order to reveal the scientific connotation of spicy traditional Chinese medicine, and also provide new research ideas and models for the modern research of Chinese medicine.