Abstract: Cutaneous melanoma is a highly aggressive and lethal malignant tumor, with an increasing incidence in recent years. Despite the advancements in various treatment approaches for cutaneous melanoma, achieving ideal treatment with conventional treatment strategies remains a big challenge due to factors such as the physicochemical properties of drugs, the complex tumor microenvironment, and surgical site infections. In the last decades, drug delivery systems have shown remarkable potential in the treatment of cancers, the nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit highly tunable capabilities, while hydrogels and microneedles excel in drug reservoirs, wound dressings, and transdermal delivery. This article introduces the latest research progress of these three drug delivery systems in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma, then functionally positions these delivery systems according to the requirements of different treatment stages, and further analyzes their clinical translation prospects, aiming to provide references for innovative drug development in this field.