Abstract: The term "blood-brain crosstalk" refers to the approach by which systemic immune cells infiltrate into the brain parenchyma and interact with brain cells to affect central nervous system disease. Neutrophils are the first immune cells to cross the blood-brain barrier from the circulating blood to the site of disease and are one of the immune cells that play a major function in neuroinflammation. There are complex interactions between neutrophils and brain cells (such as neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and cerebral microvascular endothelial cells), which together are involved in the progression of neuroinflammatory diseases. Neutrophil-brain cell interactions can influence brain injury due to neuroinflammation. Therefore, this article summarizes the mechanism of neutrophil-brain cell interactions in neuroinflammatory diseases and the research progress of pharmacological intervention, with a view to providing a basis and reference for the future mediation through "blood-brain crosstalk" in the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.