Abstract: Seasonal influenza epidemics caused by influenza viruses continue to pose persistent threats to global public health. The core replication component RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), distinguished by its highly conserved structure and functionally irreplaceable characteristics, has emerged as a critical target for antiviral drug development. This study systematically analyzes the structural and functional features of RdRp and the mechanisms of action of its inhibitors. It comprehensively reviews current screening technologies and emerging strategies for RdRp inhibitors across three levels: molecular, cellular, and animal model levels. By systematically evaluating the technical advantages and limitations of existing approaches, we propose future research directions to advance the development of novel high-efficiency RdRp inhibitors, thereby providing both theoretical foundations and technical frameworks for this crucial antiviral strategy.