Abstract: In the field of prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, liver is the core metabolic organ, and its functional status has an important impact on the development of diseases and the selection of treatment strategies. In recent years, with the in-depth study of liver receptor molecules, asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) has gradually attracted attention because of its role in glycoprotein recognition, lipid metabolism regulation, and immune regulation. Although studies have suggested that ASGR1 dysfunction is closely related to a variety of metabolic diseases, it is still controversial to directly use ASGR1 as a therapeutic target, and further studies are needed to explore the feasibility and efficacy of ASGR1 as a liver target. On the other hand, ASGR1-mediated liver-targeted delivery systems have shown clinical application potential in multiple drug development. This article systematically reviews the physiological functions of ASGR1 and its research progress in metabolic diseases, focusing on its molecular regulatory mechanisms and drug application prospects, in order to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment strategies of liver-related metabolic diseases.