Abstract: Employing modern chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, gel chromatography, and semi-preparative liquid chromatography, the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Salvia hispanica L. were isolated and purified. The structures of the obtained compounds were elucidated by means of contemporary spectroscopic methods. Three neo-clerodane diterpenoids were isolated and identified as 10-deoxyhispanin J (1), ent-(5R, 9R)-15, 16-epoxy-10S-hydroxycleroda-3, 13(16), 14-triene-17, 12S; 18, 19-diolide (2), and dehydrokerlin (3). Among them, compound 1 was a new diterpenoid, and compounds 2 and 3 were isolated from this plant for the first time. The lipid-lowering activity of compound 1 was evaluated in vitro using an oleic acid-induced high-lipid model in HL7702 cells. The results demonstrated that, compared with the positive control curcumin, compound 1 inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation and reduced triglyceride levels, indicating its potential as a lipid-lowering agent.