Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) genomics and TCM synthetic biology are two hot fields in the TCM modernization.  TCM genomics, including transcriptomics, structural genomics, genomic markers and functional genomics, aims to elucidate the biosynthetic pathways of TCM bioactive compounds and mine the related genes encoding enzymes involved in these pathways by analyzing genetic information on the original species of TCM, thus promoting the development of TCM synthetic biology, genome-assisted molecular identification and molecular breeding, and elucidation of the genetic mechanism underlying “Daodi”.  Genomics and related research provide us much deeper understanding of life process and improve our ability to create new life or modify the present organisms.  Based on TCM genomics, TCM synthetic biology sets up a series of procedures to realize the production of TCM pharmacological active compounds in microorganism, including screening and modification of parts and devices, establishment of standardized part and device libraries, and reconstruction and modification of the biosynthetic pathway of TCM pharmacological active compounds in microorganism.  TCM synthetic biology will provide a new resource of TCM pharmacological active compounds for the pharmacological study and research & development of new drugs, thus enhancing the core competitiveness of our pharmaceutical industry in the international markets.