Myocardial ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning can reduce myocardial infarct size, improve myocardial contractility, protect coronary endothelial and myocardial cell ultrastructure, as well as reduce the incidence of arrhythmias.  Clinical practice has confirmed the safety and efficacy of these two methods of myocardial protection.  This paper reviewed about ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning protection mechanisms in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury and clinical research literatures in recent years, to provide a theoretical basis for finding new treatment strategies on the prevention and treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy.