Abstract: By the end of the year 1956, 84 commercial samples of different botanic origin named "Pai-Tou-Weng" (白头翁) were collected from 18 provinces and municipal districts in China, among which 16 species in the following table are identified. № Scientific Name Family Sourcos 1. Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Reg. Ranunculaceae Hupeh, Anhwei 2. Anemone tomentosa (Max.) S. & Z. Ranunculaceae Kansu 3. Anemone japonica (Th.) S. & Z. Ranunculaceae Szechuan 4. Anemone vitifolia Buch. -Ham. Ranunculaceae Kansu, Houan 5. Inula cappa DC. Compositae Fukien 6. Artemisia capillaris Thunb. Compositae Hupeh 7. Gerbera piloselloides Cass. Compositae Yunnan 8. Saussurea radiata Fr. Compositae Yunnan 9. Gnaphalium hypoleucum DC. Compositae Szechuan 10. Gnaphalium indicum Linn. Compositae Kwangsi 11. Anaphalis margaritacea B. & H. Compositae Szechuan 12. Leontopodium leontopodioides (Willd.) Beauv. Compositae Liaoning 13. Rhaponticum uniflorum (Linn.) DC. Compositae Honan 14. Potentilla chinensis Ser. Rosaceae Hypeh, Nanking 15. Polentilla discolor Bunge Rosaceae Nanking, Shanghai. Fuchow, Peking & Chekiang 16. Polycarpaea corymbosa Lam. Caryophyllaceae Kwangtung Pharmacognostical studies. on Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Reg., Potentilla chinensis Ser. and Potentilla discolor Bge. have been reported. This paper includes the work on another 5 species which are commonly sold in the market, namely (1) Anemone japonica (Th.) S. & Z., (2) Anemone tomentosa (Max.) P'ei, (3) Anemone vitifolia Buch. -Ham., (4) Rhaponticum uniflorum (Linn.) DC. and (5) Gerbera piloselloides Cass. The distinguishing pharmacognostical characteristics of the above mentioned 8 species are tabulated on the next page. For the other species only brief botanical desciptions and photos are given.