To investigate the chemical constituents of A. barbadensis, aqueous extract of the plant was subjected to preparative medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC).  The chemical structures were mainly determined by spectroscopic evidences (UV, IR, HR-MS, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, HSQC, ¹H-¹H COSY and HMBC) and chemical methods.  A new O, O, O-triglucosylated naphthalene derivative, together with two known 6-phenyl-2-pyrone derivatives and four 5-methylchromones, were isolated and identified as 1-((3-((4-O- β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-xylopyranosyloxymethyl)-1-hydroxy-8-α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)naphthalene-2-yl)-ethanone (1), 10-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl aloenin (2), aloenin B (3), aloesin (4), 8-C-glucosyl-(R)-aloesol (5), 8-C-glucosyl-7-O-methyl-(S)-aloesol (6), and isoaloeresin D (7).  Compound 1 is a novel naphthalene derivative and named as aloveroside B, compounds 2−3 are isolated from this Aloe species for the first time.