The first-line drug artemisinin is widely used against malaria.  Commercially available artemisinin is extracted from plants.  However, the lack of sufficient raw material, artemisinin and the cost associated with the drug’s manufacture have limited the supply of ACT to most malaria sufferers in the Developing World.  As such, it is important to develop a low cost, fine to environment and high-quality method to supply sufficient and reliable quantities of artemisinin in the future.  The field of synthetic biology, which utilizes cell factories to manipulate microbial metabolism to enhance the production of artemisinin and its intermediates, has a particularly strong impact by providing new platforms for chemical production.  After a brief introduction of the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway, the present review focuses on the introduction of artemisinin biosynthetic genes, such as the genes encoding amorpha-4, 11-diene monooxygenase, NADPH: cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase, artemisinic aldehyde ?11(13) reductase and aldehyde dehydrogenase.  The review also addresses general considerations for potential contributions of synthetic biology to artemisinin production, with an emphasis on factors influencing interest compounds production in chassis cells.