Abstract: Seven constituents (Ⅰ～Ⅶ) were isolated from the Chinese traditional drug, Chuanshanjia (the scales of Mania pentadactyla Linnaeus). They were identified as stearic acid(Ⅰ), cholesterol(Ⅱ), N-butyltricosylamide(Ⅲ), two aliphatic amides, one consisting of 26 carbons(Ⅳ) and the other of 29 carbons(Ⅴ), cyclo(L-seryl-L-tyrosyl)(Ⅵ) and cyclo-(D-seryl-L-tyrosyl) (Ⅶ). Ⅵ and Ⅶ are diastereoisomers separated from natural resources for the first time. Ⅶ is a new compound. The stereostructures of cyclo-(L-seryl-L-tyrosyl) and cyclo-(D-seryl-Ltyrosyl) were further confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Sixteen kinds of free amino acids in the water solution of the drug and eighteen trace elements in the drug were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.The chemical constituents of the processed sample and the unprocessed sample of Chuanshanjia were compared with the help of TLC and HPLC. The results showed that both samples contain almost the same constituents.