Abstract: Nine compounds were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr., a traditional Chinese medicine. By combination of chemical methods and spectral analyses, the structures of the compounds were identified as lanosterol (I), octadecanyl-3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzeneacrylate (II), β-sitosterol (III), 7-hydroxycoumarin (IV), 2,2′-dimethoxy 3,3′-dihydroxy 5,5′-oxygen 6,6′-biphenylformic anhydride (V), d-pinoresinol (VI), quercetin (VII), 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid (VIII) and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid(IX). II and V are new compounds which have not been reported in the literature. The other compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant. VI is a lignan which was first isolated from the plants of genus of Euphorbia.