Now the layer-by-layer self-assembling (LbL) technique has become an attention-getting reparative methodology for ultrathin film formation.  Many scientists in different academic areas including bioengieering, medical science, drug controlled release, optoelectronics dive into this technology.  Among of them, carriers with structures which can be ?exibly controlled are more useful since functional structure units can be assembled in layer-by-layer fashion, which is simplicity, chemical mildness, concealment, can achieve targeted drug delivery and so on.  In this review, we have discussed the advantage, development, influential factors and applications of LbL.  We have focused on reviewing the applications and perspective of nanoparticles, microgels and capsules were both fabricated via the LbL assembling at drug delivery.