Abstract: AIMTo study the chemical constituents of Paeonia lactiflora. METHODSThe constituents of P.lactiflora were separated by using various kinds of modern chromatography and was identified its structure on the basis of spectral analysis. RESULTSA monoterpene glucoside named albiflorin R₁was isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. In the structure of albiflorin R₁, the aglycone connected with a glucose at its 2-OH while the hemiacetal hydroxyl in glucose moiety was free. CONCLUSIONAlbiflorin R₁is a new monoterpene glycoside.