Abstract: Five compounds were isolated from the petroleum ether extract of the root-sprouts of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. A new compound,(R) -(-)-agrimol B (Ⅲ), was elucidated by means of physical and chemical properties, spectroscopy (MS, IR,PMR,UV) and total synthesis. Four known compounds were identified as agrimophol (Ⅰ), n-nonacosane (Ⅱ),β-sitosterol (Ⅳ) and pseudo-aspidin (Ⅴ), the last one being previously known only as a synthetic entity. (S)-( + )-Agrimol B also was synthesized.