Abstract: In Mount Omei, there are several species of Panax which possess thick and jointed rhizomes and have long been used as prized remedies and tonics by the local inhabitants. Through both field investigation and herbarium studies on the specimens from this mountain, the authors have identified two species and two varieties of Panax that all serve the same purpose. These are: (1) Panax japonicum C. A. Mey.; (2) P. japonicum var. angustifolium (Burkill) Cheng et Chu, comb. nov.; (3) P. japonicum var. parvifolium Cheng et Chu, var. nov.; (4) P. bipoinnatifidum Seem. An analytical key to the species and varieties is as follows: 1. Leaflets deeply pinnatifid or bipinnatifid …………Panax bipinnatifidum 1. Leaflets entire, margin with various dentations. 2. Leaflets rather broad, narrowly elliptical to broad obovate, usually 5 in number……P. japonicum 2. Leaflets long and narrow or lanceolate, usually 7. 3. Leaflets narrow elliptical, 5—12 cm long, 1.7—2 cm broad, membranaceous, semitransparent, with conspicuous setose hairs on the vein ……………P. japonicum var. angustifolium 3. Leaflets lanceolate, rather small, 3—7 cm long, 1—1.5 cm broad, chartaceous, with only scanty setose hairs on the vein…………P. japonicum vat. parvifolium