Abstract: Based on scrutinizing literature and specimens and investigating original plants in habitants, the morphological characters and transverse sections of rhaches, peduncles, stems and leaves of Piper hancei Maxim. var. squamiglanduferum Fan var. nov. and P. hancei Maxim. var. hancei Maxim. were observed. Furthermore, the chemical constituents of the two varieties were compared by the methods of TLC and UV. And the chemical constituents of their essential oils were analysed by GC-MS. 38 compounds were identified and 28 of them were recorded for the first time for the genus Piper L. The results provide evidences that P. hancei Maxim. var. squamiglanduf erum Fan, which has long been considered as P. hancei Maxim. var. hancei Maxim., is obviously diffrent from P. hancei Maxim. var. hancei Maxim. growing in type locality. Especially, there are glandular scales on the adaxial surface of its leaves and it is the first discovered Piper species which bears glandular scales. P. hancei Maxim. var. squamiglanduf erum Fan is one or the main original plants of Haifengteng in southern Fujian.