Abstract: AIMTo establish the whole rDNA ITS region sequence database of various Dendrobium species of “Fengdou” and to authenticate exactly the inspected species of “Fengdou”. METHODSThe rDNA ITS regions of various Dendrobium species of “Fengdou” were amplified and sequenced. The database of their rDNA ITS regions was established in order to authenticate the inspected species by means of the softwares of CLUSTRAL and MEGA which were used to analyze the rDNA ITS region. RESULTSA database of the rDNA ITS sequences of 21 species of Dendrobium has been established. The notable and stable differences of the interspecies of the rDNA ITS regions have been demonstrated. The numbers of transitions and transversions among 21 species are 11～122. The variable sites are 341 while the informative sites are 195. The ITS sequence differences between the outgroup species (Pholidota yunnanensis) and species of “Fengdou” are obvious. The numbers of transitions and transversions are 131～161. The population differences of the rDNA ITS region of various species of “Fengdou” are very small (0～6). CONCLUSIONOn the basis of the database of various Dendrobium species of “Fengdou” and two genetics software, the botanical origin of the inspected species of “Fengdou” has been authenticated successfully by sequencing the rDNA ITS regions.