Abstract: This paper reports the isolation and identification of eight crystalline substances (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ, Ⅷ) from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Besides the known compounds liquiritin, hexacosance, β-sitosterol, licoricone liquiritigenin and etc, a new constituent, named neoglycyrol was obtained by sillica gel and polyamide column chromatographic method. Its chemical structure was elucidated by means of chemical and spectrometric analysis (UV, IR, NMR and MS). Neoglycyrol, C₂₁H₁₈O₆, yellow needles with mp 263.5～265℃, possesses one methoxyl, one isopentenyl and two hydroxyls. Its diacetate derivative is C₂₅H₂₂O₈ with mp202～203.5℃. Its dimethyl ether derivative is C₂₃H₂₂O₆ with mp 207～208.5℃ Its structure was found to be Ⅶ.