Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) is a NAD-dependent class III histone deacetylase (HDAC), and regulates pulmonary immune/inflammatory system and the aging process mainly through post-translational modification.  Sirt1 could become a potential target for treatment of lung diseases due to participating in the development of a variety of lung diseases.  In this paper, physiological characteristics, biological activities, modification regulations and its relationship with chronic obstructive pulmonary emphysema, asthma and lung cancer are reviewed.