Abstract: AimTo study the chemical constituents of Polygala aureocauda Dunn.. Methods Chemical compounds were isolated by column chromatography and their structures were determined mainly by spectroscopic means (UV, IR, MS, ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR, HMQC, HMBC). ResultsThree compounds were isolated and identified as 3-hydroxy-1,4-dimethoxyxanthone (I), 1,7-dihydroxy-2,3-methylendioxyxanthone (II), 7-hydroxy-1-methoxy-2,3-methylendioxyxanthone (III). Conclusion Compounds I-III were isolated from Polygala aureocauda Dunn. for the first time, whereas compound I is a new xanthone.