Research progress of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles in tumor therapy

Traditional chemotherapy methods lack tumor targeting and cause obvious systemic adverse reactions. The development of nano-drug particles delivery systems has ushered in a new chapter in precision tumor treatment. Due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect caused by anomalous tumor blood vessels, nanoparticles can passively target tumor tissues. However, most nanoparticles are rapidly cleared by the mononuclear phagocytic system, limiting their anti-tumor efficacy. In recent years, cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (CNPs) have shown great potential for application in tumor therapy. CNPs are nano-drug particles wrapped by cell membranes, which can not only exhibit excellent biocompatibility, but also retain some of the biological characteristics of the original cell membrane. CNPs from erythrocyte can extend the blood circulation duration of drugs. CNPs from platelet, CNPs from immunocyte, and CNPs from stem cell all demonstrate a tumor-targeting capability, CNPs from immunocyte can also regulate anti-tumor immunity. CNPs from tumor cell have been extensively researched for their excellent homogenous targeting properties. In this review, we outline the construction process of CNPs, and introduce the roles of CNPs based on various cell membranes in tumor therapy, and discuss their future application prospects and challenges.