Research progress of artificial intelligence technology in pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is increasingly applied across various fields, particularly in handling and analyzing large volumes of data, providing breakthroughs for numerous scientific studies. In Chinese medicine research, AI demonstrates significant advantages by enhancing the systematic, efficient, and accurate nature of studies through its exceptional learning and data processing capabilities. As a discipline with a long-standing history and rich theoretical framework, Chinese medicine research requires the integration of complex information, for which AI provides crucial support. AI technologies, especially machine learning and deep learning, can decipher complex biological and chemical data, advancing new discoveries in Chinese medicine pharmacology. Researchers can systematically analyze the multi-target mechanisms of Chinese medicine components and optimize formulation efficacy through these technologies. The combination of AI with multi-omics data and its application in cell phenotype analysis aids in accurately identifying drug targets and exploring new mechanisms. Additionally, AI-integrated network pharmacology combines experimental, computational, and clinical data to analyze multi-target drug mechanisms, enhancing the efficacy of TCM formule. AI accelerates the target identification of active compounds as well as dissecting the pharmacological effects. The development of large language models also plays a crucial role in constructing Chinese medicine knowledge graphs and literature analysis, extracting valuable information from extensive literature using natural language processing to build a systematic knowledge structure. The introduction of AI technology has propelled the modernization of Chinese medicine research and has a pivotal role in the development of internationalization and precision medicine. AI not only enhances the overall level of Chinese medicine research but also provides a solid foundation for interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation. With the continuous advancement of AI technology, Chinese medicine is anticipated to have a greater influence and role globally. This process is not only a significant marker of the modernization of Chinese medicine but also a reflection of the integration of science and traditional wisdom, which will undoubtedly drive progress and development in the entire medical field.