Thoughts and experimental exploration on pharmacokinetic study of herbal medicines with multiple-components and targets

The pharmacokinetic research of traditional Chinese medicines (TMC) is an inalienable part of the chain of TCM modernization and plays an important role in the TCM novel drug development.  However, the researching method and system that is consistent with the specific characteristics of TCM, i.e., multiple-    components and targets, is still lacking.  Furthermore, the current understanding of the critical scientific   questions of TCM pharmacokinetics remains still unclear.  This review makes a brief summary of our recent developments on the pharmacokinetic exploration of TCMs, mainly including integral pharmacokinetic study of multiple components, herbalome analysis both in vitro and in vivo, mechanism based compatibility study for herbal components interactions, and the representative pharmacokinetic study for single herbal compound.   Furthermore, the critical scientific questions of TCM pharmacokinetics are discussed based on understanding the requirements of novel drug developments from TCM.