Application of nuclear magnetic resonance to the determination of the configuration of glycoside bond

In the structural determination of natural glycosides, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an important approach in determining the configuration of glycoside bond.  The test of coupling constant of the anomeric proton and chemical shift of the anomeric carbon are two common methods, but these methods are not suitable for some sugars.  For those sugars, detailed ¹³C NMR analysis is an alternative choice.  This paper summarizes the characteristics of ¹H and ¹³C NMR data of the common monosaccharides published in the  literatures, in order to search an approach to determine the configuration of glycoside bond.